Realism in Modern Chinese Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Realism in Modern Chinese Literature - Essay Example It is apparent that Party as well as governmental intimidation donated significantly to the common exchange of this observation. It is, on the other hand, extraordinary how even oppositional writers plus literary scholars cultivated to manufacture a tale that was very comparable to the officer description within those succinct stages when it was probable to move forward a evaluation of the conventional literary reflection , modern Chinese literary theory has bend inside the key to be lifeless . By emphasizing the radicalism of their encouragement, those who anticipated this suggestion at once drew consideration to their mission and recognized a location from which they sensed they could unbolt the floodgates for the extensive emulation of a broad range of Western literary ideas. Chen Duxiu in 1917 wrote: "I do not mind being an enemy of all conservative scholars within the country .("On Literary Revolution," Sources of Chinese Tradition, ed. William Theodore DeBary, 2 vols., 1960, 2:162). From the Chinese perspective, then, the apprehension at the spirit of the proposal was that China was at the back of the world standard so manifestly positioned by the superior Western pressures. Several kinds of unexpected attempt were therefore necessary of all facades of Chinese culture plus society to grasp up to this customary standard. The Evolutionary consideration set up its fictional complement in the succession of literary provisos traditional romantic realism naturalism set out by Chen Duxiu as early on as 1915, a method that conquered the earlier l literary consideration within the early May Fourth years. Within this method, the Chinese literature was viewed as freezing wherever between classicism with impracticality, as...By emphasizing the radicalism of their encouragement, those who anticipated this suggestion at once drew consideration to their mission and recognized a location from which they sensed they could unbolt the floodgates for the extensive emulation of a broad range of Western literary ideas. Chen Duxiu in 1917 wrote: "I do not mind being an enemy of all conservative scholars within the country .("On Literary Revolution," Sources of Chinese Tradition, ed. William Theodore DeBary, 2 vols., 1960, 2:162). From the Chinese perspective, then, the apprehension at the spirit of the proposal was that China was at the back of the world standard so manifestly positioned by the superior Western pressures. Several kinds of unexpected attempt were, therefore, necessary of all facades of Chinese culture plus society to grasp up to this customary standard. The Evolutionary consideration set up its fictional complement in the succession of literary provisos traditional romantic realism naturalism set out by Chen Duxiu as early on as 1915, a method that conquered the earlier l literary consideration within the early May Fourth years. Within this method, the Chinese literature was viewed as freezing wherever between classicism with impracticality, as well as realism accordingly developed into the "reasonable" goal of the most influential segment of Chinese critical opinion from May Fourth even into the 1980s.

Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

Arthur Miller Essay An important theme in Arthur Millers play All My Sons is the responsibility a man has for another man. Miller stressed that people must be held accountable for their actions to society and they will be held accountable by the inevitable justice found in the universe: karma. This theme is expressed through action as well as characters throughout the entire play; it is subtle at first but slowly becomes more prominent until Joe Keller finally realizes exactly how his actions affected people outside of his family. To begin, Kellers character is important to the theme because he represents the opposite of being responsible for his actions and being held accountable to society. Joe Keller seems like a simple kind of man. His greatest wishes are to obtain the American dream for his wife and to create a legacy to pass on to his son. However, he harbors a dark secret that explains how he achieved those dreams for his family- he knowingly shipped out faulty airplane parts during wartime. Up until the time of the play, Keller did not believe he did a terrible thing by shipping those parts out. As he explains, when he came home from jail he was like an expert on the whole jail thing and, over time, the children got it confused and [he] ended up a detective(29). Or, more clearly, he went from being the bad guy to being the good guy. In Kellers mind, he was the good guy because he saved his family from being poor and having their reputations in the gutter. He says to his wife, you wanted money, so I made money(76). To him, he simply did what he had to do to protect and take care of his family. At that point in his life he was not able to see the big picture of things; he was only able to see one little contour, just one small piece, of what makes up the universe. Furthermore, it is evident that Kellers small piece of the universe, his family, is what is most important to him. Throughout the play he tells Chris that everything he has done with the business , including sending out cracked gear heads, was for Chris: it was a chance and I took it for you(70). Keller believed that he had to send out those parts so that he would still have a business to pass on to his son. Chris replies what is that, the world- the business?(70). He is asking his father if the whole world is the business. And the answer in Kellers mind is, as long as it takes care of his family, yes it is the world. Slowly, though, Keller begins to see just what his actions have caused to happen to other people. Take, for example, when he speaks to Ann about her father, Steve. He finds out that Ann and George never visit Steve in jail and that they dont even write to him. Keller is unable to understand why the children would crucify their father and he pleads with Ann to not make a murderer out of him(32). He realizes that Steves life was ruined and his relationships with his children, something that Keller gives very high value to, are ruined as well. It is also easy to believe that Keller doesnt want to see Steve crucified because if he is, that means that Keller should be too. And if Keller was punished for his actions, that means there is something bigger in the world than the relationship between father and son. The whole ordeal with Steve and Steves children gives Keller a clue that there may be bigger things in the world than familial relationships and also that there may be consequences to wrongful actions. Finally, Chris and Larry (posthumously) work to enlighten Keller that theres a universe of people outside and that [hes] responsible to it(84). Chris character alone serves as a guidepost to this revelation. He is the epitome of the idea of responsibility and accountability to society because he is the person that reaches for something he wants but pulls back because other people will suffer(16). Chris takes other peoples feelings and well-being into account before he acts. He learned to be so self-less in the war, as he watched his men kill themselves for each other. He describes it as a kind of responsibility. Man for man(35-36). He learned that you cannot only look out for yourself in this world, but you have to help other people out as well. And Larry, whom Keller thought shared his ideas on the way the world was made (with a forty-foot front), had a good sense that people must consider the good of the many before they act for the few. It is his letter to Ann, in which he states he cant bear to live anymore(83) because of what his father did, that brings everything crashing down around Keller. In the same way Larrys memorial tree came crashing down and allowed more light to shine into the arbor, his letter shined light onto the true ways of the universe. Everything that Keller stood for, everything he believed in was wrong. He finally realized that he did a terrible thing that killed not only strangers, but people who were fathers, brothers, and sons. In essence, he killed the thing he lives for; he killed family. This revelation drives home the idea that justice will inevitably be brought to the wrong-doers. Kellers karma comes back and makes him not only set everything right in the universe again but pay the ultimate price for his actions: death by his own hand. Chris, Ann, and Kate can now move forward, not bogged down by shame and guilt, and they can live.

Child Abuse and Neglect :: Child Abuse Domestic Violence

Child abuse has been here as long as the United States of America and throughout the history of the World. "Child abuse can cause serious harm to its victims. Estimates of the numbers of children who suffer physical abuse or neglect by parents or guardians range from about 1 percent of all children to about 15 percent, and figures are far higher if emotional abuse and neglect are included."(2. Quote from Encyclopedia Britannica 2007.) You see and hear about different cases of child abuse all the time in news reports, online, newspapers, film and sometimes by word of mouth in your community. We view these cases as deplorable acts of violence but why do we not we stop this altogether?

Tension in Arthur Miller’s A View From The Bridge :: A View from the Bridge Arthur Miller Essays

Tension in Arthur Miller’s A View From The Bridge The whole of this play involves symbolism, on many different levels. The end scene, in which Eddie takes his own life with his own knife, is symbolic of the self-destructive nature that led to such an ending. As Arthur Miller wished to write 'a modern Greek tragedy ´ it is likely that the symbolism of the dagger is Eddie’s sexuality, which drove him to his drastic actions and eventually death. During the confrontation earlier in the play Marco raised a chair like a weapon, symbolic of the fight yet to come. Rudolpho danced with Catherine when she had previously been attending to Eddie, symbolic of him taking her from Eddie’s life. Therefore it seems natural to reason that Miller intended the title of the play to have some significance other than the geography of the location. The most obvious interpretation is of the audience sharing with Alfieri an unbiased overview of the unfolding of events. It is like being able to see from a bridge over a river, our vision uncluttered by opinions as it would be by the side of the river, or perhaps even as part of the river. The spray and swirling of currents of a river could represent the uncertain nature of life that clouds our perceptions and the flow of water the rush of emotions that carry us from birth to death. Though, even Alfieri is not completely removed from the happenings of the play, he takes an active part in the play as well as providing the 'chorus ´ character of the Greek format that Miller used. He is part of the American culture, but also part of the Italian culture, he also knew the family "I had represented his father in an accident case some years before, and I was acquainted with the family in a casual way." Perhaps this is why he is able to give a balanced opinion and to counsel Eddie (though his advice is unheeded). On the bridge we have time to form opinions, to judge other people, to 'settle for half ´. It was his American audience that Miller addressed through Alfieri: "Most of the time now we settle for half and I like it better. But the truth is holy, and even as I know how wrong he was and his death useless, I tremble for, I confess that something perversely pure calls to me from his memory--not purely good, but himself, purely, for he allowed himself to be wholly known and for that I think I will love him more than all my sensible clients." This dilutes the feeling of superiority and detachment that we are

Barometer Rising

The role of disaster In Barometer Rising symbolizes Canada as a rising nation monopolizing together through the resurfacing of concealed Identity, while In â€Å"The Marine Excursions of the Knights of Pathway† undermines collective Identity through the use of repetition and ironic humor. In Barometer Rising, Neil suffers a catastrophe that robs him of identity which pushes him to re-possession of self and struggle for legality in relation to place. His identity and alienation is related to the crisis of identity and psychological isolation of his community.He stands for growth f love, self-respect and community partly because of his desire expressed in ship designing, his daughter, Jean, and his feelings for his country, â€Å"halls throat became constricted and he had a furious desire for expression: this anomalous land, this sprawling waste of timber and rock and water where the only living sounds were the footfalls of animals or the fantastic laughter of a loon, this empt y tract of primordial silences and winds and erosion and shifting colors, this beadlike string of crude towns and cities tied by nothing but railway tracks, this nation undiscovered by, the rest of the world and unknown to Itself†¦ Ironically, he is blown up Like Halifax Is blown up; and he has to carry the Identity of an Englishman for two years, In order to survive. Both Neil and Halifax are blown up as part of a war for which they are not responsible. In the aftermath, Roadie Wan, Penelope twelve year old brother, discovers that what has happened is â€Å"not an adventure but a catastrophe. It is real, not â€Å"a vision transported from France or Serbia†¦ † However, the explosion in Halifax is not tragic, as Neil thinks, â€Å"no matter what the Canadians did over there, they were not living out the sociological results of their own lives when they crawled through the ranches of France. The war might be Canada's catastrophe, but It was not her tragedy; just as this explosion in Halifax was catastrophic but not tragic. † Contrastingly, Penelope is also a representation of love, self-respect and community. She bears the natural child and ensures it is well placed and accessible. She translates some of Nil's ideas about ship design Into substantial form.She declares the legitimacy of woman as expert and professional and fully realizable human being. Together they are, according to Angus Murray, â€Å"two people who could seem at home almost anywhere, who had inherited as a matter of course and in their own neutron the urbane and technical heritage of both Europe and the eastern united States. † Before the beginning of the novel, Neil, Penelope and Jean represent Canada. The war is a catastrophe to it and happens to it. It is not a sociological result of their lives nor Is It their tragedy. After the explosion Colonel Wan and Alex MacKenzie are dead. Angus Murray, the philosophical doctor has risen to the needs of his people.Fir stly, the narrator tells in his own way speaks about the town's social organization in his own way, for instance, † .. Everybody is in everything. On SST. Andrews Day every man in town wears a thistle on SST. George's Day why shouldn't a man feel glad that he's an Englishman? † and so n. Everybody in Marinara seems to be in perfect connection with everyone else, regardless of any differences in between various age and social groups, a society that is seemingly composed of a single unit, â€Å"So you will easily understand that of course everybody belongs to the Knights of Pathway and the Masons and Deflowers, Just as they all belong to the Snow Shoe Club and the Girls' Friendly Society†.Such a type of collective community is far from being beneficent to the town, as it creates an essentially inwards-oriented social organization that cares only for its immediate monuments, and is concerned with preserving its apparent uniformity, no matter now assure It gets Hereto fore, It also creates Ana encourages ten squalliest AT provincial ignorance and inwards-oriented isolation generating a small-town atmosphere, where everything is small and extremely insignificant in scope. For example, the residents of Marinara want to appear intellectual when they are really not People living in Marinara like to pretend to be scholarly, possessing greater knowledge than what they actually have. ,. The author has the narrator talking about the steamer Marinara Belle, using repetition to show his frustration, â€Å"Whether hey are built by Harlan and Wolff of Belfast, or whether, on the other hand, they are not built by Harlan and Wolff of Belfast, is more than one would like to say offhand†.People living in Marinara like to pretend to be scholarly, possessing greater knowledge than what they actually have. The story foreshadows the steamer having an accident; the narration turns to forewarning â€Å"for various reasons, several people did not end up on Mari nara Belle. † If the disaster had not taken place, people would have forgotten this fact but it did took place occur, and the uneventful and routine lives of the residents of the town got excited by this. Thus, anything related to the accident becomes a topic of interest immediately, and exaggerating every event causes accidental decisions and insignificant choices to transform into supernatural events.Meanwhile, on the steamer, the group of the people begins to separate into smaller groups, women go to on one deck of the ship, boys and young men to another, Dry. Gallagher and Dean Drone form one group, Mr.. Smith and his associates form another group, and so on. If the society as a whole is not present to impose the overall sameness on its members, the separate inhabitants of Marinara do have efferent natures, interests, and groups, each composed of specific members from the original society. This fact counters the story's earlier statement that everyone in Marinara essential ly acts and possibly dresses in a manner almost identical to each other.Furthermore, the society composed from people on Marinara Belle has no sense of organization, due to their lack of interaction between people in the town. Everybody in Marinara Just goes with the flow without feeling the need to properly co-operate with the others and form any sort of a plan other than whatever the custom will dictate. Everybody will be doing the same thing as the majority of the residents of Marinara will opt to do. As a result, this creates complete, and utter deterioration of plans. Such as, the steamer was supposed set to depart at six-thirty but the time for the departure moves forward is postponed to seven o'clock but eventually departs ; later Marinara Belle departs at seven-thirty, an hour later than the original schedule.This absence of responsibility and organization of the people from the town foreshadows later in the story the actions of the townspeople when he steamer sinks, and cha nges the routine of their lives disrupts order in their lives. Contrastingly, the story hardly mentions at all the supposedly the actual goal of the excursion, the picnic itself. The people of the overall community of Marinara split themselves into various smaller subgroups such as â€Å"boys under thirteen and girls over nineteen†. Back in the mainland town the residents of Marinara may act as if they all are a unified society regarding age or gender, but here the author makes it obvious that is not so.People of Marinara physically do split themselves into smaller vigorous within the original residents of Marinara group, and but subconsciously they stick to their subgroups regardless of what they consciously believe. However, once ten passengers Trot Marlboro get Deck on tenet steamer Ana Deign to nana back to the mainland, they begin to blend back from â€Å"little clusters† into a single unified group, â€Å"blended into unison by the distance. † The actual e vent is not very that big or problematic; as the narrator hurries to explain the steamer is in reality stuck on a sandbank in shallow waters, a very commonplace event for Marinara and the neighboring towns.While most people would be more irritated than afraid, an unrecognized crowd of people on Marinara Belle begins to slowly panic because they were never mentally prepared or equipped for situations like this. Soon there is a widespread panic all over the steamer due to lack of organization and character traits such as common sense and personal bravery, twitch explains their absences of unique personalities. It is here that the lack of order in the peoples' life becomes crucial in the story's development; the passengers of the steamer do not know what to do, because they never expected to do something about it in the first lace solve the problem.Firstly Initially, they pretend to act as if nothing was wrong at all, â€Å"they were all running round looking for sandwiches and cracki ng Jokes and talking of making coffee over the remains of the engine fires. † As the realization that things are wrong Upon realization, they go for the lifeboat and they succeed in getting several boatloads of people back to the shore, even though the lifeboat appears to be â€Å"a frail, clumsy thing. † When the survivors re-unite with their foils in Marinara, their initial panic crowd the rest, and they get involved with the disaster going to rescue people in a leaking boat. As the routine of their lives seems to break down because of the boating accident, the society of Marinara begins to transform at last.This transformation changes the residents of the town into a panicked and unrecognized crowd which makes it worsens the situation. The narrator begins to weaken under the pressure and lack of social order into nothingness, because of the absence of a real inter town society; there is nothing to hold the people together. To make matters worse, as the people on Mari nara Belle encounter their fellow-citizens ashore, the panic spreads from the boat back to the town and they practically lose heir heads. They start rowing all over the lake, seeking safety on Marinara Belle, forgetting that they were initially safe and but came to rescue the people on the steamer bringing even more absurdity into the situation.

Sending Children by Parcel Post

Sending Children by Parcel Post Its never easy traveling with children and often it can be expensive. In the early 1900s, some people decided cut costs by mailing their children via parcel post. Sending packages via the U.S. Parcel Post Service began on January 1, 1913. Regulations stated that packages could not weigh more than 50 pounds but did not necessarily preclude the sending of children. On February 19, 1914, the parents of four-year-old May Pierstorff mailed her from Grangeville, Idaho to her grandparents in Lewiston, Idaho. Mailing May apparently was cheaper than buying her a train ticket. The little girl wore her 53-cents worth of postal stamps on her jacket as she traveled in the trains mail compartment. After hearing of examples such as May, the Postmaster General issued a regulation against sending children by mail. This picture was meant as a humorous image to the end of such practice. (Picture courtesy of the Smithsonian Institute.)

8 Inspirational Sports Movie Quotes for Your Professional Life

8 Inspirational Sports Movie Quotes for Your Professional Life Everyone loves a good sports movie, right? Especially the ones that make you sniffle, while you pretend to be clearing dust out of your eye. (Darn it, Bad News Bears, why did no one believe in you?) And while they’re totally inspirational if you have athletic dreams of greatness, they also have plenty of great inspiration for all of us about how to persevere on our chosen paths. â€Å"A team isn’t a bunch of kids out to win. A team is something you belong to, something you feel, something you have to earn.† –The Mighty Ducksâ€Å"Having dreams is what makes life tolerable.† –Rudy  Ã¢â‚¬Å"You didn’t come into this life just to sit around on a dugout bench, did ya? Now get your ass out there and do the best you can.†- The Bad News Bears [via Tumblr]  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Going in one more round when you don’t think you can- that’s what makes all the difference in your life.†- Rocky IVâ€Å"Well, I just think this horse h as a lot of heart. He may have been down, but he wasn’t out. He may have lost a few, but he didn’t let it get to him†¦Oh, and by the way, he doesn’t know he’s little. He thinks he’s the biggest horse out there.†- Seabiscuitâ€Å"The hard is what makes it great.†- A League of Their OwnSo take your new motivation, go out there, and win one for the Gipper! Er, rather, win one for you.

Crime and Violence in Film essays

Crime and Violence in Film essays The films Bonnie and Clyde (1967, Arthur Penn) and Scarface (1932, Howard Hawks) are set in the same basic time period, the 1930s, though the films were made more than thirty years apart and reflect different sensibilities in keeping with the time of production. At the same time, they also reflect certain similar ideas about the nature of crime and violence, its origin, and the societal elements that contribute to crime and violence. Both films are violent, though the 1967 film is more overtly violent and also more able to show the results of violence in a more realistic way as people whoa re shot bleed, often profusely, unlike the characters in the 1932 film, who are more likely to be shot and expire with hardly a mark on them. The gangster film is a uniquely American genre based on a number of images and characters found in film after film. Thomas Schatz describes film genres as something that can be viewed as systems that have developed within the confines of commercial filmmaking in order to sell films to audiences that want a certain type of experience. Any genre can also be defined as a cultural artifact that becomes a meaningful system when recognized as such. The gangster genre is one genre based on an inherent ambiguity in terms of the underlying value system, and in time this ambiguity has worked its way into American culture (Schatz 95). The screen gangster emerged from headlines beginning in the 1920s as "Hollywood exploited the notoriety and social significance of their real-world counterparts while it adjusted their character and environment to the peculiar demands of Hollywood narrativity" (Schatz 82). Scarface is such a fim and was produced at a time when the pubic was much interested i n and frightened of gangsters who were at the time creating a bloodbath on the streets of cities like Chicago. Scarface Camonte in the 1932 film is an ambitious man on the rise in his world because of his brutality, and th...

Leading, managing and developing people Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leading, managing and developing people - Outline Example 318). Contracted workers will not access HR training and development. They also lose their benefits such as the medical insurance packages. Considering the negative change in treatment, contracted workers of Tiger Cars will cease from doing extra work that they could have done if they could be working on a permanent basis. Psychological contract provides an explanation for the eminent decrease in the output if the company implements its employment strategy. In the long-term the expansion plan may not work well due to issues of HR that may arise. The HR is likely to experience inflated costs of remuneration, in the long run, when they lay-off workers (LIU, 2009 p. 30). The HR department will have to hire consultants at high rates to fill the gaps of knowledge left by staff reductions. The HR will ignore the cost of cutting staff. However, with the expansion of the company the HR will face the challenge of making replacement to the lost comprehension of the firm, its processes and customers (Mazur, 2012 p. 1). It will lead to revenue loss and reduced productivity. The contracted former employees will also undertake the contracted work only without offering extra skill (Pesqueux, 2012 p. 1). Tiger Car LTD must consider implementing strategies that boost the commitment, attitudes, and their relationship with the contracted employers (Collins, Cartwright and Hislop, 2012 p. 211). Improving work conditions and implementing some exchange model between the contracted workers and the organization can boost the employee’s commitment. In addition, the provision of training, improved supervision, and the provision of co-worker support can ensure that the output of the contracted workers is boosted significantly (Jafri, 2014 p. 168). Sadiq, S. (2014). Relationship between Psychological Contract Violation, Supervisory Support, Psychological Contract Breach and Organizational Citizenship Behavior.  IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(3),

Relationship between Sound and Space in I am Seating in a Room by Essay

Relationship between Sound and Space in I am Seating in a Room by Alvin Lucier - Essay Example Instead, the artists who firmly occupy one discipline – composers who compose music, artists who create visual art, and architects who fashion functional space – find themselves more readily embraced by critics and audiences. Artists whose work combines all of these disciplines however often encounter a chilly, if not confused, critical and audience response. Susan Philipsz, who won the Turner Prize in 2010, has been called the â€Å"first artist working with sound to have won the prize,† and some sound artists view this development as a positive harbinger for the discipline as a whole (Searle n.p.) Searle describes Philipsz as â€Å"just a singer, with the sort of voice you might feel lucky to come across at a folk club. But there is much more to Philipsz than a good voice. All singers, of course, are aware of the space their voice occupies, of the difference between one hall and another...But the way Philipsz sites recordings of her voice is as much to do with place as with sound† (Searle n.p.). True, Philipsz’s use of sound is extraordinary. However, Philipsz is still â€Å"singing† in the traditional sense of the word. ... Sound artists define the term polymath; they straddle multiple disciplines, including art, music, performance art, and architecture, and become masters in each. However, the critical community has not caught up to the speed at which these artists process the physical world. Aside from the occasional Burning Man performance, for the most part sound artists remain in obscurity. This reality exists because sound art by nature occupies a fractious, shadowy space between two critical perspectives that harbor two powerful biases: the visual bias of the so-called â€Å"visual† art school of criticism, and the â€Å"music† bias of the music school of criticism. Both biases persist and effectively hamstring critics to discuss one or the other, but never both. Is it art, or is it music? Is it sound, or is it art? As Cox argues, â€Å"the broader field of sound art has been ignored by musicologists, art historians, and aesthetic theorists. The open-ended sonic forms and often sit e-specific location of sound installations thwart artists musicological analysis, which remains oriented to the formal examination of discrete sound structures and performances, while the purely visual purview of art history allows its practitioners not only to disregard sound art but also to gloss over the sonic strategies of Postminimalism and Conceptualism† (Cox 146). Never mind that music itself is a form of sound – in fact, all noise that the human ear processes can be conceived of as such – yet the polarizing critical perspectives persist, to the detriment of scholars and audiences alike. As Cox explains, â€Å"sound art remains so profoundly undertheorized, and†¦has failed to generate a rich and compelling critical literature†¦because the prevailing theoretical models are inadequate to it.

A Comparison of Francis Bacon and Carolus Linnaeus' View of Nature and Essay

A Comparison of Francis Bacon and Carolus Linnaeus' View of Nature and Humanity's Relationship to It - Essay Example This frequency is enough to reflect and substantiate the view of nature as instruments. Instrumentation purposes vary from burial to horticulture, medicinal or treatment purposes, harnessing of raw materials, et cetera. The same view was described by Linnaeus; â€Å"when we follow the series of created things, and consider how providentially one is made for the sake of another, the matter comes to this, that all things are made for the sake of man† (3). While Bacon recognized nature as an instrument to human needs, Linnaeus furthered this by pointing out how every aspect of nature was designed to be made useful for humans. Nature as Local. Interestingly, Bacon implicated that nature’s instrumentation was largely determined by location. While burial was done in the Lower Region, observatories were situated in the Upper Region. Thus, nature presents a limit by which instrumentation is permissible or not advisable, and this fact was respected by the people of Salomonâ€⠄¢s House. The same fact was implicated by Carolus Linnaeus in his The Economy of Nature. His recognition of the co-location of habitat and particular species of flora and fauna was expressed through his acknowledgement of the dissimilar patterns of seasons, as well as the variance in soil composition (Linnaeus 2). Moreover, Linnaeus explicitly expressed this: â€Å"How wise, how beautiful is the agreement between the plants of every country, and its inhabitants, and other circumstances!† (2). Nature as the Framework of Imitation. Bacon’s view suggested that the workings of nature served as the mold by which humans replicate certain processes for the desired output. This imitation was explicitly detailed: â€Å"We use them likewise for the imitation of natural mines...,† or â€Å"We have heats in imitation of the sun’s and heavenly bodies’ heats, that pass divers[e] inequalities...† (Bacon 3-5). Thus, it is safe to assume that early processe s that were said to be ‘invented’ by early humans were probably forms of mimicry out of the observable natural processes. Nature as Something to be Improved. The recognition of nature’s imperfection was prevalent; yet, this imperfection was viewed by Bacon only in the context of the human’s desired output. This was pronounced in the field of horticulture wherein the practice of grafting, inoculating, and growing de-seeded plants was common (Bacon 4). Moreover, the pursuit of understanding the effects of flora and fauna on humans, whether good or bad, was inherent in designed structures or enclosures (Bacon 4). The same view was perceived by Linneaus; he went on to explain that by virtue of human reasoning, humans are able to propagate aspects of nature (i.e., vegetables), and asserted that if nature was â€Å"left to herself, could scarcely effect† (3). Thus, Linnaeus, just like Bacon, saw human intervention as the necessary means to enable nature t o become fully or wholly purposeful. Nature as an Unending Cycle of Life and Death. Linnaeus depicted this cycle through the vegetable-to-mold and mold-to-vegetable analogy. His main point was that vegetation is comprised of the same composite -- the black mold; thus, he asserted, â€Å"So that the tallest tree is, properly speaking, nothing but mold wonderfully compounded with air and water...† (Linnaeus 3). Consequently, this view implicates how inevitable and normal death is. Moreover, death is viewed a necessity for a fresh beginning in the cycle of natural creation. Nature as Designed to be Biodiverse. The implications of nature’s biodiversity were successfully presented by Linnaeus. He proffered biodiversity as the solution in controlling the population of species, the

Chinas Economic Advantages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chinas Economic Advantages - Essay Example The Mongols promoted trade in China by offering security to caravan traders who were moving long distances for an exchange of goods and services. They guarded the path which cut from Asia to Russia hence ensuring the safety of caravans from robbers who instilled fear on the earlier traders. The Mongols were united under Yuan and were well organized both in war and in trade. Their emergence reshaped China, rising from a humble nation to one that caught the world’s attention with its commerce and highly advanced technology. Added to China’s advantage was the fact that it had a large population which provided labor and ready market for its produced goods. Its population offered a great advantage to traders who channeled their goods to China since there was a large market with willing buyers and willing sellers dealing in silk and other products. Slaves were in abundance for exchange. Another factor which boosted Chinese expansion of trade was the opening of the Silk Road. The Silk Road covered parts of the Middle East and extended to parts of Russia. The road was a convenient way through which traders could transport their goods to and from China to their destination. Another factor that made China thrive in trade is the kind of political peace it enjoyed under the Mongol’s Yuan dynasty. Being a dynasty with a strong political background, China enjoyed a peace and was free from external attack. The Mongols were an organized lot with a strong military base; a factor which had a direct impact on trade.... Added to China’s advantage was the fact that it had a large population which provided labor and ready market for its produced goods. Its population offered a great advantage to traders who channeled their goods to China since there was large market with willing buyers and willing sellers dealing in silk and other products. Slaves were in abundance for exchange. Another factor which boosted Chinese expansion of trade was the opening of the Silk Road. The Silk Road covered parts of the Middle East and extended to parts of Russia. The road was a convenient way through which traders could transport their goods to and from China to their destination. This was a boost to the growing influence of China as a hub of commerce in the world. Another factor that made China thrive in trade is the kind of political peace it enjoyed under the Mongol’s Yuan dynasty. Being a dynasty with strong political background, China enjoyed peace and was free from external attack. The Mongols were an organized lot with strong military base; a factor which had a direct impact on trade. China’s economic meltdown came as a result of a number of factors. It is important to look at such factors in relation to their effect not only in China but also in other countries that formed part of Eurasian trade. The most known cause for the decline in China’s economic strength is the emergence of the Black Death. It is believed that the plague commonly known as the Black Death began its spread from the Chinese Mongols, spreading all the way to other parts of Europe and many parts of the Middle East (Lin 19). The Black Death also known as the bubonic plague fuelled the collapse of Yuan dynasty. It is

Case portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case portfolio - Essay Example iii. Compact Disk: This disk similar to the first evidence could have been used to store data which might have appertained to the pending case. This disk can also be preserved in a tamper proof evidence material/bag while awaiting transportation to the law enforcement agency or pending analysis. iv. The Hard Disk Drive: This material is always used to store all the information in a computer system. As the primary storage source, this evidence could reveal most of the data required in determining this case. In storing this, the data in the drive can be copied to another independent one for precautionary reasons. The disk should also be stored in a tamper proof material awaiting analysis or transfer to the law enforcement agency. v. The telephone: Mr. Didit might have used this phone for his communications and as such this item would be major evidence in the case. The call history should be tapped and stored in a safe and permanent place. Obtaining the call logs will reveal the information he was communicating and the recipients of the same and whether in his communications he talked of child pornography at all. The internal memory of the phone should be able to reveal all the evidence pertaining to this case if there is any made. vi. The computers: Since it is the computers that were mainly used in the major communications, these computers in the office provide crucial evidence as to the validity of the case. Together with their components, they should be analyzed to determine the information in their internal memories and as well be kept safely without being moved by unauthorized personalities. I secured the computers and components and transported the same to the law enforcement authority. vii. The computer mouse: This is used to input specific commands especially when accessing file. The fingerprints of the user can be traced on it which can then

Chinas Economic Advantages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chinas Economic Advantages - Essay Example The Mongols promoted trade in China by offering security to caravan traders who were moving long distances for an exchange of goods and services. They guarded the path which cut from Asia to Russia hence ensuring the safety of caravans from robbers who instilled fear on the earlier traders. The Mongols were united under Yuan and were well organized both in war and in trade. Their emergence reshaped China, rising from a humble nation to one that caught the world’s attention with its commerce and highly advanced technology. Added to China’s advantage was the fact that it had a large population which provided labor and ready market for its produced goods. Its population offered a great advantage to traders who channeled their goods to China since there was a large market with willing buyers and willing sellers dealing in silk and other products. Slaves were in abundance for exchange. Another factor which boosted Chinese expansion of trade was the opening of the Silk Road. The Silk Road covered parts of the Middle East and extended to parts of Russia. The road was a convenient way through which traders could transport their goods to and from China to their destination. Another factor that made China thrive in trade is the kind of political peace it enjoyed under the Mongol’s Yuan dynasty. Being a dynasty with a strong political background, China enjoyed a peace and was free from external attack. The Mongols were an organized lot with a strong military base; a factor which had a direct impact on trade.... Added to China’s advantage was the fact that it had a large population which provided labor and ready market for its produced goods. Its population offered a great advantage to traders who channeled their goods to China since there was large market with willing buyers and willing sellers dealing in silk and other products. Slaves were in abundance for exchange. Another factor which boosted Chinese expansion of trade was the opening of the Silk Road. The Silk Road covered parts of the Middle East and extended to parts of Russia. The road was a convenient way through which traders could transport their goods to and from China to their destination. This was a boost to the growing influence of China as a hub of commerce in the world. Another factor that made China thrive in trade is the kind of political peace it enjoyed under the Mongol’s Yuan dynasty. Being a dynasty with strong political background, China enjoyed peace and was free from external attack. The Mongols were an organized lot with strong military base; a factor which had a direct impact on trade. China’s economic meltdown came as a result of a number of factors. It is important to look at such factors in relation to their effect not only in China but also in other countries that formed part of Eurasian trade. The most known cause for the decline in China’s economic strength is the emergence of the Black Death. It is believed that the plague commonly known as the Black Death began its spread from the Chinese Mongols, spreading all the way to other parts of Europe and many parts of the Middle East (Lin 19). The Black Death also known as the bubonic plague fuelled the collapse of Yuan dynasty. It is

Marketing Consultancy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Consultancy - Assignment Example The target audience is the police in the UK and more precisely, the Metropolitan Police department. The DeltaNu Reporter seems not to be a threat to the company and its not affecting the performance of the company. For the products, they pass through five stages in the life cycle of the product along with the test market phase. First the test market is conducted and then it passes through introduction, growth, maturity, and decline and saturation stage (Smallwood, n.d.). Analytik is operating in UK and Ireland and requires following the procedures of the Minister of Defense (MOD) of UK. The political environment is very important as the rules and regulations regarding the trade practice are decided by the political party in power. It may create favourable or unfavourable situations for the business. Looking at the threat levels toward the nation the policy are framed which is in favour of the products of Analytik. The current recession had hit hard globally and UK was also hit by the financial crises. This forced the government to reduce down the cost or expenditure in the public departments. The effects are directly towards the products procurements. But the economy is regaining back to its normal state of affairs and there is a better future prospect of the product to grow in this segment. The UK government is more focused upon the safety and security measures for maintaining peace. The increased risk of terrorism had resulted in security issues. The product of Analytik like ReporteR is in need for such safety measures. It helps the police department in preventing both narcotics and explosives entry to UK. The government as well as the society wants a peaceful social life. Technology is vital for any product development which provides an enhanced quality product to the market. The police departments are using better technology but due to the financial budget constraints, it restricts to acquire more developed equipments. Technological advancement adds

Describe the ways in which swing music and popular culture Essay Example for Free

Describe the ways in which swing music and popular culture Essay There were many ways in which swing music and popular culture were interrelated during the time known as the swing era. Jazz became the cornerstone of popular culture during the period known as the swing era. The swing era influenced clothing styles, retail marketing, fashion, dance, and even language. Swing fans had their own clothing style and built a social phenomenon around it. With many dances coming and going the swing fans kept on dancing. Name some of the specific innovations Duke Ellington brought to jazz in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Duke Ellington brought some specific innovations to jazz in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Ellington was in time known as the greatest composer in jazz, he wrote roughly 2,000 compositions that had arranged from solo piano pieces, to works for orchestra’s, to highly symphonic concert music, etc. Ellington made a lot of changes to make the perfect sound, he used a variety of mutes on brass instruments to achieve more interesting tonal effects, often gave melodies to instruments that were not typically melodic instruments, and he used cross-sectional voicing. Ellington created an orchestra in the early 1940’s which later became known as his â€Å"Favorite Orchestra†. Describe why Count Basie’s rhythm section is called the first modern rhythm section. Count Basie’s rhythm section is called the first modern rhythm section. Basie made the rhythm section to â€Å"breathe† which helped compliment instead of duplicate, as well as having the drummer Jo Jones who played the high hat cymbal style. With this Basie had created the All-American Rhythm section which was known at the first modern rhythm section because Basie had created such an amazing rhythm section to go with the rest of his band it was solid. Describe some of the reasons why the swing era began and why it came to an end. There were many reasons why the swing era had begun and why it had come to an end. The beginning of the swing era started from a band called the Benny Goodman Orchestra. They traveled around on tour to get a spot and had been denied, until their last stop in Los Angeles, CA. The Palomar Ballroom wanted to hear the music that had been broadcasting and this began the swing era. The swing era decided to collapse with a shocking suddenness, with bands all over closing up their bags and shutting down. The swing era had suddenly ended from changing economics, the war, predictability, the changing audience, and bebop all of this had ended what was known as the swing era. Describe how the styles of Lester Young and Coleman Hawkins were different. The styles from Lester Young and Coleman Hawkins were very different throughout the swing era. Hawkins and Young were two of the best tenor sax players that had emerged during the swing era. Considerably different, Hawkins played a huge dark sound, whereas Young’s was light and breathy. Some of the differences were as follows; Hawkins improvisations were based on his superior knowledge of harmony, Young’s were rooted in the blues, Hawkins played with a rhythmic approach that was always closely tied to the beat, and Young’s rhythmic conception was much looser, and often untied to the beat. Although they had many differences, they inspired sax players for years to come. The arranging styles of Ellington and Basie are quite different when put next to each other to compare and contrast. In the song â€Å"Take the A Train† by Duke Ellington the rhythm section of the band is very on point, and broad it is a stand out section and wants to make their point. They are very loud obnoxious and want to make you want to dance. For the â€Å"One O’clock Jump† by Count Basie the rhythm section is very low key and mellow, although very good and has a good beat, more of a song to have a mellow night to or to hangout and relax to. I prefer the song â€Å"Take the A Train† by Duke Ellington, because I like to dance and it more fits my personality of a loud and obnoxious fun song.

Challenges to Pradhan Manti Jan Dhan Yojana

Challenges to Pradhan Manti Jan Dhan Yojana A Study of Challenges and Problems Faced While Implementing  Pradhan Manti Jan Dhan Yojana Shilpi Pal Dr. M.S.Khan Research Scholar Head/Coordinator (MBA M.Phil Programme), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow Abstract The biggest development by the NDA government in the year 2014 is introducing first social welfare scheme that is â€Å"Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana†. The purpose of introducing this scheme is financial inclusion launched by our Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi on 28th August, 2014. Mr. Modi has come up with this scheme on his first Independence Day speech on 15th August, 2014 which is a National mission for a financial inclusion. This scheme is based on â€Å"Sab ka sath sab ka vikas† that is inclusive growth. The basic aim of this scheme is that every family living in India must have bank accounts and must enroll in bank with Zero balance account. This is the first step to bring out economic quality in country. This paper highlights the problem and challenges faced while implementing the scheme. Also try to point out basic reason not to turn all people for adopting this scheme although it is Zero Balance account scheme which will be opened in all nationalized and pr ivate bank. Keywords- Financial Inclusion, National Mission, Inclusive Growth, Economic Quality Introduction Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is National Mission for Financial Inclusion to ensure access to financial services, like Saving and Deposit Accounts,Remittance, Credit, Insurance, Pension in an affordable manner. Mr. Narendra Modi our prime minister has announced this scheme on his first independence speech on 15th Augst, 2014. The Objective of PMJDY is financial inclusion and intensive growth along with the improvement of economic status of our country. The aim behind PMJDY is that every family or household have their own account and can access banking facility easily so that everyone become evenly a part of country specially a lower section of society who may easily not able to get these facilities prior to PMJDY. The name Jan Dhan was chosen through an online competition on the MyGov Platform.Slogan of this scheme is â€Å"Mera Khata – Bhagya Vidhata.† PMJDY Account can be opened at Business Correspondent (Bank Mitr) outlet or at Bank branches.PMJDY gives the facility of Overdraft that is up to Rs.5000/- is available in only one account per household after 6 months of satisfactory carry out of accounts. On the first day itself 1.5 crore accounts were opened under this scheme. Then around 12.58 crore accounts were opened by 28th January, 2015. Joint account can also be opened under this scheme. The scheme has been started with a target to provide universal access to banking facilities starting with Basic Banking Accounts with overdraft facility of Rs.5000 after six months andRuPayDebit card with inbuilt accident insurance cover of Rs. 1 lakh and RuPay Kisan Card. Literature Review Dr.Anupama Sharma and Ms. Susmita Kukreja has discussed in their paper that â€Å"The study focuses on the role of financial inclusion, in strengthening the India’s position in relation to other countries economy. For analyzing such facts data for the study has been gathered through secondary sources including report of RBI, NABARD, books on financial inclusion and other articles written by eminent authors. Dr.G.H. Barhate and Ms. V.R.Jagtap has include includes study of various financial inclusion and to evaluate progress and current status of financial inclusion of the State in their research paper C. Paramasivan and V. Ganeshkumar discussed in his ppaper that Financial inclusion is aimed at providing banking and financial services to all people in a fair, transparent and equitable manner at affordable cost. This paper is an attempt to discuss the overview of financial inclusion in India. Objectives of the Study The basic objectives of my study are: To Know the reason behind introducing Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana(PMJDY) To recognize awareness among people for this financial inclusion. To understand the problems and challenges faced in implementing PMJDY. To find out effect on banking sector after adopting this financial inclusion. Research Methodology My study is purely based on secondary data which include, Existing Articles, Newspapers, websites, online articles and Research Paper published in different journals. Through these secondary data and information available I have done my research on green advertising so deeply to meet up with the objective of the study. Result and Discussions It is good initiation for the purpose of financial inclusion and economic growth. Many have found positive aspect behind the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana specially the lower segment of country who feels more comfortable now as they easily take step in banking sector and have their own accounts with special facilities like Overdraft facility, RuPay card, Kisan card facility etc. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Jan_Dhan_Yojana Challenges and Problems faced by PMJDY Implementation- The Connectivity Challenge – As we know around 68% of population lives in rural areas which need to be connected through complete banking system to avail this facility which is huge business potential for the banking sector .But it throws up connectivity-related challenges that need to be addressed in rural areas. Lack of physical and digital connectivity is posing a major hurdle in achieving financial inclusion for rural India. Technological Issue- The technological issues affecting banks from poor connectivity, networking and bandwidth problems to managing costs of maintain infrastructure especially in rural areas. To meet the increasing demands for banking services, banks often depend on passive optical network connectivity, for which they end up paying high costs to internet service providers. Infrastructure of banks in rural areas- It is about the connectivity in banking system. The connections in rural areas are not reliable and fall shorts on bandwidth. An alternative option must be adopted to connect in rural areas branches through satellite links. Banking through WAN or internet link of lower bandwidth at remote locations repeatedly suffers with video delays, slow browsing, slow file transfer, slow upload and download of files, failing to meet the demands of account holders at particular time. Are really people who don’t have account will turn around – This is the one of the major problem as most of the people are aware of it but still they are not turning into bank account user may be because they are not still understand the proper channel of opening bank account under Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna. Gender Gap- There is major gender gap in banking sector; by 2012 for every 1,000 deposit accounts in the name of men, just 394 were opened in the name of women. Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat were even worse than the national banking sex ratio, while Delhi and the four southern States were better. ATM Network-People may face problem due to ATM in rural areas as there is low network of ATM so people are not well know how to use ATM. New account opening Creating new account is not challenge but transaction of this account is a challenge. As staff which is already there may find pressure if there is lot of people come with the problem at a time. Procedure not clear Most of the people are aware but still so many are not turned around as they are not understanding the proper procedure of opening account and required document at a time. Coverage of Difficult areas Many areas like parts of North East, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu Kashmir etc. are facing challenges of infrastructure and telecom connectivity . In these areas all household may not be fully covered under campaign Brand Awareness and sensitization- Customer must get proper awareness about the PMJDY and their benefit after opening account. All thing must clear to customer and made aware that overdraft of up to ` 5,000/- to be provided in their account is a credit facility which needs to be repaid in order to get fresh limits and is not a grant. Findings During research I found the major challenges and problem faced while Implementation of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana which is discussed above under the heading of challenges and problems. Still there are few points which need to be taken into consideration- It is not clear that those customers who have existing saving accounts without RuPay card will get other benefit or not. No clarity on that which has already accounts before announcement of accidental insurance coverage will get this benefit of 1 lakh accidental insurance coverage. Customers are not able to follow proper channel of opening account as they are not much aware about the procedure and benefits to the account holder. No awareness to the customers who will be going to wear bill of insurance premium and cost to keep account running. Banking staff may feel pressure as so many accounts are opening under this scheme. Suggestions There are lots of activities are going around so that everyone get aware about it and must open account under this who don’t have account in the bank and for those who may face problem in opening bank account prior to PMJDY. Awareness program is going through proper channel like Print Media, T.V, Radio, Banner and poster almost outside every bank etc. The result has been seen positive and almost everyone has opened account. But bank in rural areas are facing few problem like low connectivity, Less ATM machines etc. For this reason there are few suggestions which need to implement for the better banking service in the remote locations and they are- Bank must switch to WAN Optimization- Banks need to switch to WAN Optimization Controllers that support tunneling protocol/storage protocol capable of accelerating remote application delivery, thereby speeding up the delivery of banking services. WAN optimization controllers speed up data transfers and reduce application response time over wide area networks by reducing the amount of traffic transmitted between remote offices and between remote locations. This helps banks increase application response time significantly. Facilitate more ATM in remote locations- As in rural areas we see few ATM due to which everyone may not access ATM so much and they don’t know how to use. So, if everyone has account under PMJDY means they carry RuPay card and debit card for that purpose they need to access ATM machines. Awareness Campaign in Rural Areas- There should be proper awareness programs in remote locations about the PMJDY so that everyone must aware about the benefit and need of opening account and they must open account to run with economy. Bankers must give proper information about documentation and other facilities- People must aware about the document needed while opening account and if document is not there then other alternative way for opening account and other benefits related to the account opening like overdraft facility, accidental insurance etc. must be told to the person. As many people think if they don’t have single document they are not able to open the account but under PMJDY there is alternative solution to this problem but people are not aware about this. So banker must take interest and tell detail about it. Conclusion For the financial inclusion and economic growth this turn to be one of the best initiatives under which everyone can enjoy the banking facility as well as economic parity among everyone. It has turned into positive response where public sector players has opened 11.5 crore accounts under PMJDY covering 99.74 households and paving the way for transfer of over Rs 65,000 crore of subsidies and other transfers directly into these accounts. Almost every Indian is now into banking system expects inaccessible households of remote location. After one of the survey it come out thet out of 21.05 crore households, 20.99 crore have access to bank facility. As new technology introduced by National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), a person can transfer funds, check balance through a normal phone which was earlier limited only to smart phones so far. Mobile banking for the poor would be available through National Unified USSD Platform (NUUP) for which all banks and mobile companies have come t ogether. For better acceleration in rural areas of banking sector these steps are taken by which an account holder feels comfortable in running account very well. References Sharma Anupam and Kukereja Sushmita (2013) .An Analytical study: Relevence of Financial Inclusion for developing nations. International Journal of Engeneering And Science, PP15-20 Paramasivan C. and Ganeshkumar V. (2013).Overview of Financial Inclusion in India. International Journals of Management and Development Studies 2(3) PP45-49 Barhate G.H. and Jagtap V.R. (2014).Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana: National Mission on Financial Inclusion. Indian Journal Of Applied Research 4(12) PP340-342 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Jan_Dhan_Yojana http://www.businessworld.in/news/economy/pm%E2%80%99s-jan-dhan-yojana-the-connectivity-challenge/1646746/page-1.html http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Jan-Dhan-covers-99-7-households/articleshow/45960195.cms http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pradhan-mantri-jan-dhan-yojana-faces-access-deficit/article6363310.ece

Conversational Narcissism In The Classroom :: essays research papers

In the Introduction to Linguistics class last week, Professor Ivanoff asked if the students had any questions about the material he had just discussed in his lecture. The preceding lecture covered marked words (words that clearly define or describe only one object). A student who seemed confused asked Professor Ivanoff how the use of marked words was connected to our study of Linguistics.A student said, "Everyone knows that when you say table, a table is something with four legs and a flat surface. So table is a marked word. In a sense we already knew that because we don't go around calling everything a table." The student asked, "Is this just a definition or will it be explained further at a later time?""I do not understand why you are asking such a question," Professor Ivanoff said. "I just explained to you what marked and unmarked words are. Why do you ask such a question?""I am just wondering why you told us about marked words. How is it important in our study?" the student asked."I explained it to you. There are marked words and there are unmarked words. Marked words describe definite things. Unmarked words are words that can be used to define more than one thing," Professor Ivanoff shouted. "You ask such strange questions. I hold a Ph.D. in linguistics. Why do you question my authority on such subject?"The student tried to explain one more time, "I am not questioning your authority at all. I am just wandering what the connection is between marked words and Ling-."Professor Ivanoff interrupted, "If you want to question my authority you do so in my office. Please do not waste class time."Unknowingly Professor Ivanoff and the student provided a perfect example of "Conversational Narcissism" and how continued habits can hinder the process of "true" dialogue. Conversational Narcissism uses "structural" devices to dominate the conversation and shift the attention from one partner to another. The shift response is the structural device that Professor Ivanoff used to change the focus of attention from the student's question, to himself. This conversation shows that even in a simple conversation, one person will shift the attention away from the other person to themselves, allowing them to dominate the conversation.The conversation portrayed the shift response when Professor Ivanoff failed to answer the student's question and put forth effort to understand what the student was asking. Instead of attempting to answer the question Professor Ivanoff felt personally attacked and attacked the student in return.

Reflection of a Homily by Gregory the Great :: essays research papers

REFLECTION ON A HOMILY BY GREGORY THE GREAT   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Gregory’s homily it seems the congregation has trouble understanding the command of our Lord to love as He has. This entails loving even our enemies as Christ has. Yet, how do we love those who harm us? To often we believe that any harm to us demands a distorted form of justice. In other words, to give to them as we got. However, this is not the love of Christ, this is not justice, this is vengeance. So how do we love our enemies as He does? First, we must learn to seriously understand what it is to love those in family and community. If we love them seriously and fully, then we will learn to love our enemies, because loving truly has become a habit within us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is it to love our family and friends seriously? As Gregory states, â€Å"cultivate the virtue of love in tranquil times by showing mercy.† We are to extend mercy to them so that mercy maybe shown to our enemies. To extend mercy toward family and friends is to forgive the irritations they create, provide for their needs when they ask for what they want, and above all learn to give without fear and merciless condition. In doing this daily and making it a habit, then we find that our enemies are in the same needs as our friends and we can give to them as well. As we say in the Marine Corps, â€Å"The more we sweat in practice, the less we bleed in battle.† This in turn will halt our false sense of duty, which turns our love into servile obligation and therefore never to be given as the Lord has. Charity in its most ordinary form would not be so if performed perfunctorily, it would be a tit for tat and we would all become useless servants only doing what we are supposed to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yet, to prevent a false and fearful love from being given, we must learn what it is to love the Lord. How we love Him is how we would love our family, friends, and enemies. For our love to live after death and to even bring life to others, it must have the life of God within it first. This is Gregory’s thought as he interprets the scripture passage I have chosen you and appointed you to go and bring forth fruit into I have appointed you for grace.

Electric Scooter Market in China- Market Competition & Opportunities Essay

Research and Forecast of China Electric Scooter Industry, 2014-2018 mainly conducts in-depth market research on Electric Scooter market in the following aspects: market scale, supply and demand, market competition and business performance of major enterprises, meanwhile it makes a prediction about electric scooter industry and provides decision-making references for investors. In 2013, the demand volume of electric scooters in China reached 1. 05 million units, an increase of 31. 25% year-on-year. In current electric scooter market, the products mainly serve for the elderly, the disabled and home women; with the deepened population aging degree and the increased consumption level, the demand for electric scooter is also growing increasingly. Complete Report @ http://www. marketreportschina. com/research-and-forecast-of-china-electric-scooter-industry-2014-2018 . Inquire Before Buying @ http://www. marketreportschina. com/contacts/inquire-before-buy? rname=4357 . Table Of Contents 1. Overview of China’s Electric Scooter Products 1. 1 Product Brief Introduction 1. 1. 1 Brief Introduction 1. 1. 2 Composition 1. 1. 3 Advantages 1. 2 Classification 2. Electric Scooter Situation in Foreign Countries and Taiwan 2. 1 Foreign Countries 2. 2 Taiwan 3. Environment of China’s Electric Scooter Industry 3. 1 Economic Environment 3. 2 Industry Relevant Policies, Standards, Laws and Regulations 4. Characteristics of Electric Scooter Industry 4. 1 Concentration Ratio 4. 2 SWOT 4. 3 Industry Chain 4. 4 Competitive Landscape 5. Supply and Demand in China’s Electric Scooter Market 5. 1 Supply Situation 5. 1. 1 Supply Situation 5. 1. 2 Main Brands 5. 2 Demand Situation 5. 3 Demand Factors 5. 4 Price Situation 5. 4. 1 Price 5. 4. 2 Factors Affecting the Price 5. 4. 3 Price Trend 6. Overview of China’s Low Speed Electric Vehicle 6. 1 Brief Introduction 6. 1. 1 Product Introduction 6. 1. 2 Main Products and the Introduction 6. 2 Development Situation in China 6. 3 Overview of China’s Main Manufacturers 6. 4 Market Situation of Four-wheel Low Speed Electric Vehicle Market and the Forecast 6. 4. 1 Current Application Situation. 6. 4. 2 Domestic Market 6. 4. 3 International Market 7. Import and Export of China’s Electric Scooters 7. 1 Import and Export 7. 2 Sources of Import and Destinations of Export 8. Technological Development of Electric Scooter Products 8. 1 Technological Development Situation 8. 1. 1 Relevant Domestic Patents 8. 1. 2 Research Situation 8. 2 Technological Development Direction 8. 2. 1 Technological Maturity in China and Technological Difference between China and Foreign Countries 8. 2. 2 Technological Development Direction 9. Main Enterprises and Competitive Landscape in China’s Electric Scooter Industry 9. 1 Feishen Group Co. , Ltd. 9. 1. 1 Company Profile 9. 1. 2 Company Strength 9. 1. 3 Independent R&D Situation 9. 1. 4 Business Performance 9. 2 Jinhua ACEME Electric Co. , Ltd. 9. 2. 1 Company Profile 9. 2. 2 Company Strength 9. 2. 3 Development Trend 9. 2. 4 Business Performance 9. 3 Zhejiang Ripu Electronic Science and Technology Co. , Ltd. 9. 3. 1 Company Profile 9. 3. 2 Company Strength 9. 3. 3 Business Performance 9. 4 Wisking Electromechanical Product Co. , Ltd. 9. 4. 1 Company Profile 9. 4. 2 Company Strength 9. 4. 3 Business Performance 9. 5 Xuzhou Maston Mobility Co. , Ltd. 9. 5. 1 Company Profile 9. 5. 2 Company Strength 9. 5. 3 Business Performance 9. 5. 4 Development Strategy 10. Development Forecast and Investment Prospect of China’s Electric Scooter Industry 10. 1 Forecast of Supply, 2014-2018 10. 2 Forecast of Demand, 2014-2018 10. 3 Main Development Direction 11. Investment Suggestions and Opinions from the Experts 11. 1 Investment Opportunity 11. 1. 1 Market Space 11. 1. 2 Industry Development Trend. 11. 2 Investment Risk 11. 2. 1 Horizontal Competition Risk 11. 2. 2 Market Trade Risk 11. 2. 3 Influence of Industry Policy Changes 11. 3 Risk Precautionary Measure and Industry Coping Strategy 11. 3. 1 Precautionary Measure for Horizontal Competition Risk 11. 3. 2 Actively Develop Upstream Sellers and Downstream Consumers to Reduce Market Risk 11. 3. 3 Coping Strategy of Enterprises Request Discount @ http://www. marketreportschina. com/contacts/discount? rname=4357 . Buy Report @ http://www. marketreportschina. com/contacts/purchase? rname=4357.

Success Factor for Zara

What are the Key success factors of Zara? â€Å"The ability to respond to customer requirements on a timely basis has always been a fundamental element of the marketing concept. † Martin Christopher et. al. Hence, it is important being proactive in a market such as the fast-fashion industry which Zara is operating in, time is always a crucial factor. The fast-fashion market, amongst other things, is characterized by short lifecycles, high volatility, low predictability, and high-impulse purchases. Therefore, it is very important for Zara to constantly have their products available for a potential customer in order to sell and earn more profit.Since the fast-fashion market is also constantly shifting and trends can be replaced over a night, there is a low predictability. This makes it a lot more difficult to compose accurate forecasts. In order to stay competitive in the market, it is important to take be aware of these types of factors mentioned above, and make sure you are no t left behind. One of Zara? s distinctive key success factors is their valuable and planned integrated logistics and supply chain management. This allows them to further develop and deliver a competitive marketing mix.In a marketplace where customers expect to find the latest designs that are still in fashion, Zara is an outstanding example of how to make that possible. It usually takes at least six months in the textile industry for an idea to be transformed into a product and reach the store shelves. By reducing the lead-time through efficient channel management, Zara has developed a vertical integrated business model, which allows them to change some parts of their inventory in only a couple of weeks. This strategy is nowadays known as the â€Å"Quick Response† (QR).The definition of QR can be described as; â€Å"A state of responsiveness and flexibility in which an organization seeks to provide a highly diverse range of products and services to a customer/consumer in the exact quantity, variety, quality, time, place and price, as dictated by real-time customer/consumer demand. †Neil Towers et. al The QR strategy allows Zara to create products that are inspired by the latest fashion trends from around the world through diverse media sources displayed to a broad public, leading fashion scenes, movies, bloggers, etc.By having products for a reasonable price with relatively high quality, Zara is one of the leading fast-fashion companies in the world. But, how does their company function to have this much success? One of the main reasons why Zara is so competitive is because they have suppliers that are strategically designed to fulfill their conceptual idea. Their conceptual idea is to supply trendy clothes, to a broad market, for a reasonable price. Almost 30 percent of the company`s suppliers are situated in either Spain or parts of Europe.The local presence of the manufacturing facilities within a short distance to many of their stores and hea dquarters, has allowed the company to be very flexible in a changing market. With high integration to the company? s suppliers, the products that are highly sensitive to availability and proactive response are mainly produced in Europe. They minimize costs and lead-time because of the local presence, which makes it possible to introduce new and fresh merchandise multiple times a year.Since, major parts of the production are situated locally, the products can reach the stores at the right time, meet the actual demand, and reach a higher sell-through. The other part of their product line that is not susceptible for seasonal change is outsourced to low-cost-labor countries in Asia. The combination of suppliers works as a competitive advantage. It promotes high-impulse purchasing from their new lines while still profiting for their basic product lines. Another key success factor is their pricing strategy.The company uses a market-based pricing strategy, which means that they design prod ucts at a fixed price according to what the costumers are willing to pay. All the costs to produce and deliver the product combined with the planned gross margin for profit are then calculated in accordance to the final retail price. Besides the pricing strategy, Zara also uses a market-oriented approach, which refers to being aware and predicting costumers hidden needs. As studies has revealed, the company only spends one percent of their annual turnover on advertising.They put most of their resources into using modern technologies, such as point-of-sales data collected from their stores as an effective communication tool. By regularly collecting POS-data, and translating the information into real demand and different consumption patterns, the company can deliver the exact quantity of merchandise, at the right time, to their stores. This activity minimizes the costs and results in higher profit, which can be used for other business activities such as expansion, product development and so on.Not to mention, it also makes it possible for the company to evaluate and predict which products that will have a shorter or longer product life cycle. Hence, will result in higher sell-through, quick elimination of products that are out of fashion, and replenishment of new merchandise. Another reason to why their internationalization has been so successful is the fact that their merchandize can be sold in many different parts of the world. Even regardless of cultural differences. One of the reasons is that their consumer’s love garments from the high-end market and Zara copies those garments at lower prices for their consumers.In some cultures the company is using adaptation tools. For example, each store manager is allowed to make slight modifications to the assortment to achieve a better match between supply and demand in certain countries. In addition, the location of the stores is another successful factor. Zara has chosen to position their stores in attractive and high-trafficked locations. Also, Zara’s stores are designed by professional store decorators in accordance to Zara’s business image. The interior of the Zara in Central for instance is very similar to other high-end fashion stores, which gives customers the same feeling as shopping in a luxury store.References Used the two articles posted by Dawn on FB Lectures Tutorials And: Retrieved on 2012-03-11http://www. google. com. hk/books? hl=sv&lr=&id=-9Ja0ZQ6gSMC&oi=fnd&pg=PA62&dq=market+orientation+and+supply+chain+management+in+the+fashion+industry&ots=0FiX4Yvyf5&sig=BoBe-KOlSiOaY6igTvN7NvyPVYM&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=market%20orientation%20and%20supply%20chain%20management%20in%20the%20fashion%20industry&f=false Retrieved on 2012-03-11 http://martin-christopher. info/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/CREATING-AGILE-SUPPLY-CHAINS-IN-THE-FASHION-INDUSTRY. pdf

Gender and Culture Studies Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender and Culture Studies - Article Example All these do not act independent from each other. Studies try to analyze and explain how they work together â€Å"how they mutually construct one another† (Collins et al 62). My goal in this paper is to try explaining the article and the different ideas being portrayed. As noted earlier, the article presents us with the insight of how race and gender are socially put together out of dysfunctional definitions of â€Å"the family†. Generally, gender and race are socially built groups rather than important and biological groups. Collins shows how these groups are formed and how idealized and often the dysfunctional images of â€Å"the family† project a hierarchy that functions in the best interest of everyone. The idealized family needs a breadwinner who is able to protect and maintain the other family members, a wife who is a stay at home mother, and obedient children. This means the public of economics and politics have no impact or influence what so ever on the private domestic sphere of women and children. But this is becoming unrealistic especially in the present day, for it is difficult for survival value for the women and the children who solely depend on the man as the provider. Discrimination on the lines of gender and race is real in the modern society as individuals use an imagined image of a certain group to create a hierarchical categorization. We use the family images to view our nation and use it in the definitions of policies. As matter of fact, the assumption that a few wealthy white men are capable of not only protecting the whole national family but also acting to the best interest of the society comes from accepting the hierarchical categorization. Deviance or protest of any kind to this assumed fact makes one ungrateful and thus conservative politicians expect that women and people of color should not only be submissive According to Collins there were six different dimensions which will be explained in terms of gender, race

Environmental Accounting in United Arab Emirates Assignment

Environmental Accounting in United Arab Emirates - Assignment Example This is of significance especially when the company intends to attract new investors and retain shareholders by confirming confidence in its stability and transparent management practice. Globally several federal regulations exist targeting to improve the practice of environmental accounting and disclosure of vital information among the business community. These include i. The comprehensive environmental response, compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) 1980 which requires corporate dealing with potentially harmful substances to incur the cost of remediation. ii. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act(RCRA) 1976 which establishes responsibility for monitoring, transportations, treatment, storage and disposal of potentially hazardous substances iii. The clean air Act 1990 which seeks to reduce the amount of harmful gaseous emissions disposed of by corporations (Farouk, Cherian &Jacob 2012, p.1-8) Besides these several other environmental regulations have been developed especially with emerging concern of environmental cost of manufacturing. While in some regions, these are the compulsory requirement the AUE region lags behind in implementation. Being a developing market the region is at the initial stage of implementing good corporate governance practice among stakeholders with voluntary disclosure being embraced by companies that seek to impress investors and shareholders. This report focus on the environmental accounting issues and legal framework for environmental protection provided for in the UAE. The paper will also discuss on the implementation of the disclosure practices in the emerging markets in UAE. The information applied has been collected from secondary sources limited to current practice level and improvement as suggested by regulations. Environmental accounting Effective accounting ensures a reliable flow of transparent, comparable and consistent information about the environmental cost. Within the AUE compliance to financial disclosure is regard ed as a requirement hence a majority of organization provide financial accounting report. Lack of regulation demanding nonfinancial reporting allows management and boards to release information at their discretion. Environmental accounting refers to the process of identifying and creating awareness regarding cost related to maintaining a sustainable ecosystem which in turn helps in identifying techniques to reduce such cost. (Farouk, Cherian &Jacob 2012, p.1-8) Green accounting tools are used to determine environmental cost due to organization operations such as emission of greenhouse gases, depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation. It is the collective social responsibility of the government and business entities to adopt responsible behavior through monitoring eco-system degradation and controlling the occurrence of possible disasters associated with their activities. Corporate environmental reporting through the lens of semiotics This is the first paper obtain ed from ProQuest. The main objective of this study was to analyze the structuring of environmental accounting information by corporate organizations in order to gain the implied report meaning. A report reflects a qualitative survey conducted for selected companies in Malaysia and Australia.  

Causes of building collapes Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Causes of building collapes - Term Paper Example This means that as long as there are natural disasters, the risk of building collapse will continue to be recorded. This point is made against the backdrop that in most cases of natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis, almost all types of buildings collapse including short buildings and skyscrapers alike. What this teaches is that natural disasters perhaps have the worse effect or impact on building collapse. Having said this, it would also be appreciated that even when an ordinary building and skyscraper all fall, the impact that will be created in the two can never be said to be the same. This is because the extent of loss that will be recorded with the falling of a skyscraper in terms of lives and property will certainly be more than what will be recorded with a shorter building. What this teaches is that as far as natural disasters as cause of building collapse are concerned, it is important to ensure that areas that are noted to be disaster prone will not be clustered with skyscrapers and other tall buildings. Using the 27 February 2010 Chile tsunami as an example, Palermo et al (2013) made a new revelation on the extent of resilience that different buildings endure in the case of natural disasters such as tsunamis. The outcome of the tsunami revealed that there are two major types of buildings which are engineered buildings and non-engineered buildings. These categories are found in both high-rise buildings and shorter buildings. In the case of engineered residential buildings, natural disasters such as tsunamis are found to have very minimal impact. This is because such modern engineered buildings generally exhibit high levels of resilience to the disasters, being affected only in areas of non-structural components. On the other hand, not the same can be said of non-engineered buildings, especially residential buildings. This is because with such buildings, the impacts of natural disasters are not only experienced with

Sam 322 unit 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sam 322 unit 3 - Assignment Example Illness prevention and health encouragement campaigns are another recent event that catalyzed the growth of modern sporting. Examples of these campaigns are Healthy People, Objectives for the Nation, Healthy People 2010, and the annual Surgeon General’s Report on Physical Activity and Health (Wuest and Fisette, 2012). A third recent event is the enactment of laws that encourage opportunities for both genders and disabled individuals to participate in sports and exercise science. Federal laws such as the PL 93-122 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and PL 101-336 Americans with Disabilities Act have fostered the expansion of physical education and sports today by altering the administration of inter-college sporting competitions and challenging Title IX. Since the approval of this title, active modifications in physical education lessons have been quick and efficient (Wuest and Fisette, 2012). Lastly, the revival and commercialization of the Olympics are recent events that significantly contributed to the growth of physical education. Since its revival in 1896, the Olympics have been highly politicized and commercialized to include contemporary and conventional sporting activities. Recently, the characteristics of amateur sports have evolved in the Olympics along with quick and efficient soluti ons for fairness issues (Wuest and Fisette,

Starbucks CO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Starbucks CO - Essay Example It is almost impossible for any business not to become involved in some kind of community affairs. Some of this involvement is primarily charitable, while other community affairs with which business becomes involved pays a direct return to the company. It is difficult to separate one from the other because in most instances both community and business reap positive rewards from any business participation in community affairs. Starbucks pays a special attention to stakeholder responsibility and environmental policies. Pollution is, unfortunately in most cases, a by-product of everyday living. The operation of a "free market" system may fail to serve the best interests of society because of the inability of the market to adjust itself independently and adequately to certain kinds of side effects such as pollution. Also, the buyers and sellers in the marketplace often lack the quantity and quality of information necessary to undertake effectively and efficiently the proper transactions to optimize the side effects for the best interests of both parties involved. Under a free market economy, private industry, local governments, and county, state, and federal governments can, and do, sometimes relieve themselves of certain costs associated with disposal of waste materials by using the atmosphere, oceans, lakes, rivers, and landfills, as free waste receptacles. If it is to the economic advantage of the particu lar emitter to do so, it will normally take advantage of this free resource. The general theory behind much of it is that by business participating in community affairs it makes the community a better place in which to live. By making the community a better place to live, it helps improve the community for all those who live there and as an inducement for hiring new employees from distant communities, possibly needed experts from

Film and Popular Cinema Essay Example for Free

Film and Popular Cinema Essay After reading this week’s assignment and researching different types of film and popular cinema, I have realized some of the differences between the two. I always thought they were the same thing but found that to be far from the truth. Film is a way of putting art into motion. I viewed several pieces on different websites, in particular, on YouTube. I watched one called White Noise. It had no plot or storyline, but showed very interesting art concepts and pieces. Many artists made work addressing social, sexual and racial issues, renewing links with what survived of the ‘community video’ movement of the 1970s. By 1990 video installations had featured in several large international exhibitions and were a familiar presence in galleries and museums, assuming fresh authority through the work of such artists as Gary Hill and Marie-Jo Lafontaine. Read more:  Philippine Cinema Analysis Essay Artists making single-screen work exhibited increasingly on television, and the medium of video was merging with that of the computer. Film, no longer novel nor wholly dependent on a gallery context, had become part of an increasingly elaborate network of electronic communication (Mick Hartney, 2009). Popular cinema is designed around selling tickets and making money at the expense of catering to the demands of global audiences. An example of popular cinema is any of the Twilight movies. They are movies produced from the novels written by Stephanie Meyer. The first movie was a huge success, making audience demand for a sequel a high priority of the producers and distribution companies. The same result came of the sequel and they made the third. Originally, the deal was to make a movie for each book, but if the movies did not succeed in the box office the projects would have been terminated. As, a matter of fact, it is so successful that the last movie based on the last book has been split in half to make two more subsequent movies instead of one. I find myself appreciating both of these forms of art. I have opened up when it comes to  the appreciation of art because I have learned the subtle, and some not so subtle differences between different art forms. References Hartney, M. (2009). Video Art. Retrieved from http://www.moma.org/collection/details.php?theme_id=10215 Sayre, H. M. (2010). A World of Art (6th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Light-driven Transport of Plasmonic Nanoparticles on Demand

Light-driven Transport of Plasmonic Nanoparticles on Demand Abstract With the advance of science and technology, the control and movement of plasmonic nanoparticles can be achieved via laser traps. The effect of the optical manipulation tool has been tested before on the multiple particles [1]. Here, this is proved that manipulation and transport of large plasmonic nanoparticles can be applied on the sample which previously prepared. These verities include developments related to many technological applications. Introduction Metal plasmonic nanoparticles are highly preferred because they have specific properties. These are gold and silver nanoparticles. As we know when the light hits the surface of the metal, a part of the light is reflected. Some of it is absorbed. Metal atoms have electron clouds that are constantly moving around them. The light which is absorbed by metal has energy. That energy causes the vibration of the electron clouds. The vibrations of the electron clouds are called plasmon [2]. If we look at the reflected light while we change an angle of incidence we see that reflected light intensity reduces. Resonance angle or SPR angle is the angle at which the maximum loss occurs on the intensity of the reflected light. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is the total excitation at the closed surface of a small particle (see Figure 1). These datas are about plasmonics. Plasmonics is an area that consists use of data transmission via plasmons and applications of its various fields. Figure 1: Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) Laser trap is a method which uses configurable lasers to hold atoms or particles and trap them in a restricted area. There are several different species of laser traps that can be used to trap a different kind of particles. One of the most common types of laser trap is the single-beam gradient force trap also known as optical tweezers or laser tweezers [3]. Dielectric objects are interested in the center of the beam, relatively above the beam waist, shown in the figure (see Figure 2). The force applied on the object depends linearly on its change of location from the trap center just as with a simple arc system [4]. In contrast to other laser traps, the proposed confinement mechanism exploits transverse phase gradient forces that allows working with resonant and off-resonant wavelengths on both red/blue-detuned sides of the LSPR. Figure 2: Optical trap principle The figure below (see Figure 3) shows us spectral absorption on gold and silver nanoparticles. The trapped laser is focused on the sample. Specifically, it is considered colloidal silver NPs of 150 nm (10 nm thick triangular plate, LSPR at 950 nm) and gold NPs of 100 nm (sphere, LSPR at 570 nm). The laser wavelength is arranged 532 nm, which is on the blue-detuned side near the LSPR of gold NPs. In contrast, this wavelength being far from the LSPR of the silver NPs allows avoiding significant optical heating, Figure 3: Spectral absorbance of silver and gold nanoparticles Dark field illumination was applied to create an image of the nanoparticles. With the same microscope objective, focuses on the capture beam on the top glass slides, allowing NPs to be displayed depending on the scattered light (see Figure 4). Figure 4: Spectral absorbance Dark field illumination (or Dark field microscopy) is a method which creates the contrast between the object and the field around the specimen. In this method, the samples and the other materials shine on the dark background (see Figure 5). Figure 5: Principle of dark field microscopy Optical microscopes use dark field illumination technique for enhancing the contrast in unstained samples. The light penetrates the microscopes for illumination of the specimen. The condenser lens and objective lens focuses the light against the specimen. The center is blocked out. The specimen appears bright on a dark background. The nanoparticles are bounded by the upper glass lamella surrounding the sample (by transverse phase gradient forces, white arrows, and see Figure 6). Figure 6: The NPs are confined near the top glass coverslip Methods A dipolar NP with size a below the laser wavelength (a < ÃŽ ») experiences time averaged radiation-induced forces: Where, q = x, y, z is a placeholder for the coordinates, ÃŽ ±(ÃŽ ») = ÃŽ ±Ã¢â‚¬ ² (ÃŽ ») + iÃŽ ±Ã¢â‚¬ ² †² (ÃŽ ») is the particle polarizability while ÃŽ µ is the permittivity of the surrounding medium, and E is the electric field of the focused laser beam. The particle experiences traverse scattering forces: Where, I = |E(x, y)|2 and à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ are the intensity and phase distributions of the field with u⊠¥, being normal and tangent vectors to the curve. Therefore, the transverse scattering forces in the normal and tangential directions naturally arise from the phase gradients along such directions. The laser traps have been created by focusing the following beam over the sample. This is the formula of beam shaping technique: The sample was formed as like this: the specimen was enclosed into a chamber made by attaching two glass coverslip (thickness 0.17 mm). A Scotch tape (thickness ~50 ÃŽ ¼m) was used as spacer between the coverslips. The nanoparticles were filled into the sample cell directly from the aqueous solution provided by the manufacturer: 150 nm silver NPs (NanoComposix Inc., 10 nm thick triangular plates, PVP coated, Lott. JMW1340) and 100 nm gold NPs (Sigma-Aldrich, citrate stabilized Au spheres, 742031, Lott. MKBS6913V). Results Bottom panel shows the intensity and phase of the laser trap focused according to their shapes (see Figure 7): Figure 7: It shows us the density and the phase of the laser trap (plane z1) focused into a circle. It shows us the density and the phase of the laser trap focused into a square. It shows us the density and the phase of the laser trap focused into a triangle. For each case, the XZ plane profile is shown in a1, b1 and c1 accordingly. In order to display the shape of the toroidal channel displayed in each case of a zoom item (inset) a1, b1 and c1 of the density distribution in plane z2. In the lower panel (a-c) a rotating flow of bound NPs is shown in the toroidal channel for each trap shape. Time skipped images of the stream were also shown[5]. Six small clusters of nanoparticles attached to the coverslip have been used to mimic targets or obstacles as displayed in Figure 8: Figure 8 (a) Small clusters of gold nanoparticles which anchored glass microscope slide are carried along a curved Bà ©zier path through six target objects. The intensity and phase of the trapped light (charge l = -30) is configured to avoid these objects as shown in the bottom panel of (b, c). In part (d), proposed approach to automated route finding based on several Bà ©zier curves displayed with different colors. (e,f) distributions of reciprocal and propulsive forces acting on particles[6-9]. Discussion In this article, gold and silver nanoparticles were controlled and transferred in a prepared sample before thanks to optical manipulation technique. This allows for guiding metal nanoparticles along tailored trajectories for interaction with objects, exploiting off-resonant but also resonant laser wavelengths for simultaneous nanoparticle heating. Their optical response can be tuned in the visible and infrared spectral range as a function of the nanoparticle shape and size. These nanoparticles strongly absorb and scatter light in the spectral region near to their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), and therefore, can be applied as heat nanosources for lithography, photoacustic imaging, photothermal therapy, etc. In this experiment the laser wavelength was 532 nm[5]. References 1.Rodrigo, J.A. and T. Alieva, Freestyle 3D laser traps: tools for studying light-driven particle dynamics and beyond. Optica, 2015. 2(9): p. 812-815. 2.Esentà ¼rk, E.N. and A.H. Walker, Anisotropik Ã…Å ¾ekilli AltÄ ±n Nanoparà §acÄ ±klarÄ ±nÄ ±n Sentezi, Karakterizasyonu ve FonksiyonlandÄ ±rÄ ±lmasÄ ±. 3.https://people.smp.uq.edu.au/TimoNieminen/trapping.html 4.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_tweezers 5.Alieva, j.A.R.a.T., Light-driven transport of plasmonic nanoparticles on demand. scientific reports, 2016. 6.Carey, K.B., et al., Enhancing Readiness-to-Change Substance Abuse in Persons with Schizophrenia A Four-Session Motivation-Based Intervention. Behavior Modification, 2001. 25(3): p. 331-384. 7.Sanchot, A., et al., Plasmonic nanoparticle networks for light and heat concentration. ACS nano, 2012. 6(4): p. 3434-3440. 8.Lal, S., S. Link, and N.J. Halas, Nano-optics from sensing to waveguiding. Nature photonics, 2007. 1(11): p. 641-648. 9.Svoboda, K. and S.M. Block, Optical trapping of metallic Rayleigh particles. Optics letters, 1994. 19(13): p. 930-932.